中华文化专题档案

长城不是一堵单一城墙，而是跨越多个历史时期、由墙体、关隘、烽火台和防御设施组成的庞大系统。

The Great Wall is not one continuous wall but a vast defensive system of walls, passes, beacon towers and related structures built across many periods.

北京故宫完成于明代早期，此后五百多年作为明清皇宫和国家礼制空间，今天由故宫博物院保护、研究并向公众展示。

Completed in the early Ming period, Beijing's Forbidden City served for more than five centuries as an imperial palace and ceremonial centre and is now preserved by the Palace Museum.

都江堰始建于公元前 3 世纪，利用岷江地形与水流分水、排沙、泄洪和灌溉，是仍在发挥作用的古代水利系统。

Begun in the third century BCE, Dujiangyan uses the Min River's terrain and flow to divide water, drain sediment, control floods and irrigate farmland, and it remains operational.

莫高窟位于甘肃敦煌的丝绸之路交汇地带，现存 492 个洞窟与佛教礼拜空间，以跨越约一千年的壁画、彩塑和建筑遗存呈现长期交流与艺术积累。

The Mogao Caves at Dunhuang, Gansu, stand at a crossroads of the Silk Roads. Their 492 cave cells and sanctuaries preserve murals, painted sculptures and architecture spanning about a thousand years of Buddhist art.

中国大运河是从北京延伸至浙江、跨越八个省级行政区的庞大内陆水路系统，各段自公元前5世纪起陆续开凿，并在隋代形成统一交通体系。

The Grand Canal is a vast inland waterway system running from Beijing to Zhejiang across eight present-day provincial-level regions. Sections were built from the fifth century BCE, and a unified communication system emerged under the Sui dynasty.

福建土楼世界遗产由福建西南部 46 座多层夯土建筑组成，分布范围超过 120 千米，以大型共同居住空间回应山区聚落的生活与防御需要。

The Fujian Tulou World Heritage property comprises 46 multi-storey earthen buildings spread across more than 120 kilometres in south-western Fujian. Their large communal layouts responded to settlement and defensive needs in mountain valleys.

天坛是北京一组沿南北轴线组织的明清皇家祭祀建筑、坛台、园林与古松环境，始建于15世纪前半叶；它不是祈年殿一座建筑，也不能脱离历史制度只读成抽象符号。

The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is an imperial ritual ensemble of altars, buildings, gardens and historic pines organized along a north-south axis and founded in the first half of the fifteenth century. It is not only the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, nor can its symbolism be detached from its historical institutions.

颐和园以万寿山和昆明湖为山水骨架，把殿堂、亭阁、寺庙、桥梁与园林空间组织成北京皇家园林；它始建于1750年，1860年大部被毁，1886年在原有基础上重建，因此现状包含多个历史层次。

The Summer Palace organizes halls, pavilions, temples, bridges and garden spaces around Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. First created in 1750, largely destroyed in 1860 and reconstructed on its original foundations in 1886, its present form contains multiple historical layers.

苏州古典园林世界遗产由九座具有明确边界的园林组成，以有限空间中的水、石、植物、建筑、匾额与书画营造缩微山水；它不是苏州全部园林的总称，也不能由一座园林代表九座构件。

The Classical Gardens of Suzhou World Heritage property comprises nine bounded gardens that create miniature landscapes through water, rocks, plants, buildings, plaques and art within limited space. It is not every garden in Suzhou, and no one component represents all nine.