中华文化专题档案

春节以中国历法正月初一为新年起点，“过年”包含节前准备、除夕团聚、迎新祝福和社区庆典等一整套社会实践。

Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and brings together preparation, reunion, greetings and community celebration.

端午节始于农历五月初五前后，各地以龙舟、节令食物、草药与纪念仪式形成不同传统，并在家庭和社区中延续。

Dragon Boat Festival is observed around the fifth day of the fifth lunar month through regional traditions of boating, seasonal food, plants and commemoration.

中秋节在农历八月十五庆祝，人们由满月联想到团圆，并以赏月、月饼、灯彩和地方礼俗表达亲友相聚与丰收祝愿。

Celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, Mid-Autumn Festival links the full moon with reunion, seasonal food, lanterns and wishes for harvest and wellbeing.

元宵节在农历正月十五举行，延续春节时段的节庆气氛，又以灯会、社火、街头表演和节令食品形成自己的公共文化场景；不同地区、社区与家庭的做法并不相同。

The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. It extends the festive season around Spring Festival while creating its own public settings through lantern fairs, shehuo performances, street arts and seasonal foods. Practices vary among regions, communities and families.

清明既是二十四节气之一，也是传统节日。它连接春季农事、慎终追远、祭扫纪念与踏青等活动；这些实践因家庭、地区、天气和公共管理要求而不同。

Qingming is both one of the twenty-four solar terms and a traditional festival. It connects spring agricultural timing with remembrance, tomb-sweeping and outdoor excursions. These practices differ with family, region, weather and public-management requirements.

重阳节在农历九月初九，以登高、赏菊和地方节令食品等秋日实践留下多样记忆；现代法律又把这一天定为老年节，但传统节俗与老年人权益保障不能被简化成同一件事。

The Double Ninth Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month and carries varied autumn memories through climbing, chrysanthemum viewing and regional foods. Modern law also designates the day as Seniors' Day, but traditional customs and the protection of older people's rights should not be reduced to the same idea.

七夕节在农历七月初七，又称乞巧节。它把牛郎织女传说、对星宿的想象、女性技艺愿望和各地乞巧活动连接起来；今天常见的爱情节日表达只是其中一层，不能代替完整的历史与民俗范围。

Qixi falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month and is also known as the Qiqiao, or Skills-Pleading, Festival. It connects the legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl, imagination around the stars, hopes for skill and varied regional practices. Its modern presentation as a festival of romance is one layer, not the whole historical and folkloric tradition.

腊八节在农历十二月初八，是进入春节年节时段的重要节点。腊八粥、腊八蒜、地方饭食、寺院与社区施粥等实践彼此交叠，但配料、味型、宗教联系和家庭记忆都因地区与群体而不同。

Laba falls on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month and marks an important threshold into the wider Spring Festival season. Laba porridge, pickled garlic, local meals, temple observance and community porridge-sharing overlap, but ingredients, flavours, religious connections and family memories vary by place and community.

冬至既是二十四节气中的太阳位置节点，也在许多地方形成贺冬、祭祖、团聚与节令饮食等文化实践。学习时必须分开天文定义、北半球昼夜变化、气候与当天实况，以及不同地区的节日记忆。

The Winter Solstice is both a solar-position marker within the Twenty-Four Solar Terms and, in many places, an occasion for seasonal greetings, remembrance, reunion and foodways. Study must separate the astronomical definition, Northern Hemisphere daylight, climate and current weather from regionally varied festival memory.