VERIFIED NOTES
可核查要点
- 颐和园于 1998 年依据文化遗产标准（i）、（ii）和（iii）列入《世界遗产名录》。
- UNESCO 资料把昆明湖、万寿山与亭、殿、宫、寺、桥等人工要素视为共同构成的山水园林整体。
- 园林始建于 1750 年，1860 年大部被毁，1886 年在原有基础上重建，1900 年再次受损后修复，并自 1924 年起作为公园开放。
01
历史坐标
Historical context
颐和园以万寿山和昆明湖为山水骨架，把殿堂、亭阁、寺庙、桥梁与园林空间组织成北京皇家园林；它始建于1750年，1860年大部被毁，1886年在原有基础上重建，因此现状包含多个历史层次。
The Summer Palace organizes halls, pavilions, temples, bridges and garden spaces around Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. First created in 1750, largely destroyed in 1860 and reconstructed on its original foundations in 1886, its present form contains multiple historical layers.
02
核心看点
What to notice
阅读颐和园可以画“湖—山—轴—区—建—景”六层图：先定位昆明湖和万寿山，再观察行政、居住、宗教与游赏等历史功能如何依山临水布置，最后记录长廊、殿宇、亭阁、桥梁和视线之间的关系。今天看到的建筑、植物和水岸必须结合具体名称、重建年代与修缮记录，不能统一写成1750年原状。
Map the Summer Palace through lake, hill, axes, functional areas, buildings and views. Locate Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, observe how historical administrative, residential, spiritual and recreational functions met the terrain, and then record relationships among corridors, halls, pavilions, bridges and sightlines. Present buildings, planting and shorelines require names, reconstruction dates and conservation records; they should not all be described as unchanged fabric from 1750.
03
延续与学习
Continuity and learning
颐和园既是世界遗产，也是持续保护和开放的公共园林。学习者应区分初建、毁损、重建、修复与当前使用，把历史图像、现存实物、机构说明和现场观察分别标注；游船、冰场、开放建筑、票务与临时封闭属于时效信息，不能由历史档案推断。
The Summer Palace is both a World Heritage property and a protected public garden. Learners should distinguish initial creation, destruction, reconstruction, restoration and present use, labeling historical images, surviving fabric, institutional accounts and on-site observation separately. Boats, winter ice access, open buildings, tickets and temporary closures are time-sensitive and cannot be inferred from historical records.
SOURCES
出处与延伸阅读
- 1. Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing
UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 访问 2026-07-16
- 2. Decision 22 COM VIII.B.1: Inscription of the Summer Palace
UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 访问 2026-07-16