VERIFIED NOTES
可核查要点
- 西安鼓乐于 2009 年列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录；中国非遗数字博物馆把它归入表演艺术以及社会实践、仪式与节庆活动。
- 官方资料按仪仗、仪式和曲目区分“行乐”与“坐乐”，并记录庙会中的男声合唱部分“念词”。这些形式属于具体实践结构，不是快慢或站坐两个字就能概括的舞台标签。
- 西安鼓乐通过乐社持续传习，资料称其以传统韵曲方式、通过吟唱传授曲目。乐谱、口传、排练、演出与仪式场景需要共同研究，不能只听一段录音便判断整个乐种。
01
历史坐标
Historical context
西安鼓乐又称西安古乐或长安鼓乐，是吹奏乐与锣鼓乐结合的大型民间器乐合奏，包含行乐、坐乐等演奏形式，并与乐社、庙会和不同仪式场景相连。它不是只由鼓组成的一首固定古曲，也不能直接等同唐代宫廷音乐原声。
Xi'an drum music, also called Xi'an or Chang'an ancient music, is a large folk instrumental ensemble combining winds and percussion. It includes processional and seated forms and is connected with music societies, temple fairs and different ceremonial settings. It is neither one fixed old tune played only on drums nor a direct recording of Tang court music.
02
核心看点
What to notice
观察西安鼓乐可沿“场—社—式—器—声—曲—传”记录：先确认演出发生在庙会、仪式、舞台或教学场景，再写出演奏乐社与资料日期，区分行乐、坐乐或念词，随后把吹管、鼓、锣钹等声部与节奏层次分开听。来源若提到历史关联，要保留其证据强度；音色显得古朴、曲名古老或使用旧谱，都不能单独证明一段旋律从某朝代原样未变。
Observe Xi'an drum music through setting, society, form, instruments, sound, piece and transmission. Identify whether the event is a temple fair, ceremony, stage presentation or lesson, then record the performing society and source date. Distinguish processional, seated and sung-word forms, and separate wind, drum, gong and cymbal layers in listening. Preserve the strength of any historical claim: an archaic timbre, old title or old notation alone cannot prove that a melody has remained unchanged since a named dynasty.
03
延续与学习
Continuity and learning
西安鼓乐今天通过乐社活动、田野记录、研究出版、艺术节、惠民演出与进校园项目传承。学习者应区分社区仪式、保护性记录、改编舞台节目和旅游演出，尊重宗教与社区场合的拍摄、录音和参与规则；演出时间、乐社阵容和场地开放属于时效信息。当代录音录像也有表演者署名与版权，课堂片段不能替代完整语境。
Xi'an drum music continues through music societies, field documentation, research, festivals, public performances and school programmes. Learners should distinguish community ceremony, safeguarding records, adapted stage programmes and tourism shows, respecting rules for filming, recording and participation in religious or community settings. Schedules, ensemble membership and venue access are time-sensitive. Contemporary recordings also carry performer credit and copyright, and a classroom clip does not replace full context.
SOURCES
出处与延伸阅读
- 1. Xi'an wind and percussion ensemble
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · 访问 2026-08-02
- 2. 西安鼓乐
中国非物质文化遗产网·中国非物质文化遗产数字博物馆 · 访问 2026-08-02